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Evaluace parametrů vnitřního prostředí krav ustájených v odlišných technologických systémech
Vevera, Petr
This diploma thesis that is named “Evaluation of inner environment of cows housed in different technological systems” is focusing on effect of housing technology on inner environment of dairy cows. There were two studied groups of cows that were housed in different technological systems. In three terms the blood samples were taken, that were later evaluated for following parameters: alkaline phosphatase, alanineaminotransferasis, aspartataminotransferasis, gamaglutamyltransferasis, lactate dehydrogenasis, creatin kinasis, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, betahydroxybutyrate, urea, lactate, total antioxidant status. After statistical evaluation of data following parameters were affected by housing technology: alaninaminotransferasis, aspartateaminotransferasis, gamaglutamyltransferasis, lactate dehydrogenasis, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, betahydroxybutyrate, urea and lactate.
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Stanovení in vitro stravitelnosti sušiny a organické hmoty směsných krmných dávek s rozdílným zastoupením krmných surovin
Ursová, Lucie
The aim of this thesis was evaluvation of the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter by in vitro method in total mixed ration (TMR) with different representation of components. The gastrointestinal tract of ruminants with all its physiological requirements is described in the literary review. Furthermore, attention was paid to factors affecting the digestibility of feed and subsequent methods for determination of digestibility. The literary review was also focused on the characteristics and structure of TMR. TMR analyzes were determined by chemical methods and subsequently statistically evaluated in Excel and Statistica. The analysis took into account the chemical analysis, nutritional value and concentration of macroelements and microelements. 8 TMRs with different proportions of components were selected for analyzes, of which 6 were assembled for the peak of lactation, one for early lactation and one for the end of lacta-tion. All TMRs are designed for dairy cows with production capacity of over 9,000 l of milk.
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Analýza mléčné užitkovosti dojnic českého strakatého skotu v průběhu roku ve vybraném chovu
Čurda, Jaroslav
The aim of this bachelor thesis was the analysis of milk yield in dairy cows of Czech fleckvieh cattle during one calendar year in selected breeding. For this purpose, 12 measurements were made in individual months, where the monitored parameters included day in milk (DIM), number of lactation (n), milk yield (kg milk) and milk components, namely fat (%) and protein (%). The results show that the effect of season had a significant effect on the amount of milk produced (kg) and the milk components (fat, protein). The highest daily milk yield was achieved by dairy cows in spring months and the lowest in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The highest fat and protein contents were achieved in autumn and winter months (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation order on milk yield was highly significant. The highest milk yields were achieved in the 3rd lactation. The highest fat, protein and lactose contents were achieved in the 1st lactation (P < 0.01). The effect of lactation stage on milk yield was statistically significant, with the highest milk yields being achieved in the first 100 days of lactation. The lowest was at 301 days or more. The content of milk components (fat, protein) was highest at 301 days and more (P < 0.01).
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Vyhodnocení růstové intenzity jalovic na jejich reprodukční a užitkové vlastnosti
Voldánová, Eliška
The main aim of this diploma thesis was to evaluate effects of holstein heifers growth factors and their subsequent reproduction and milk production. The heifers were rear in the same conditions and also their subsequet reproduction and milk production took place in the same stable. No significant (p> 0,05) differences in the weight of heifers weighed a tage of 225, 335, 445 and 580 days were demonstrated for heifers after the sires of the line NXB and for heifers after the sires of the line NEO. Similary, there was no evidence (p> 0,05) of the influence of the order of mother´s lactation on the growth ability of the heifers. From the reproductive indicators of the heifers, the age of embed, the age of calving and the insemination index were monitored. The heifers were most often embed at the age of 13 months. The best age if calving was from the age of 22 to 23 months. Significantly (p <0,05), the best insemination index was found out in heifers from mothers on the 4th and higher lactation (1,17). The best insemination index was shown on the group of heifers which weighed during their time of embed between 400 to 440 kg. The milk production was better after the sires of the line NXB (10556 kg). In terms of grouping by maternal lactation, the best performance was held by heifers after the mother on the 2nd lactation. The content of fat was the similar (about 4 %) in all groups of heifers. The content of protein was similar for all groups of heifers (3,36 %). The best milk production was achieved by heifers calved at the age of 23–24 months. This group had the highest content of fat and proteins. The most favorable milk yield was shown in heifers weighing between 400 to 440 kg at the time of embeding. This group also had the highest fat content, but conversely the lowest protein content.
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Vztah negativní energetické bilance a poruch reprodukce u dojnic
Drlíčková, Zuzana
This bachelor thesis focuses on excessive negative energy balance (NEB) in dairy cows, resulting from high milk yield, and its effects on reproductive performance. The aim was to present the principles of dairy cow nutrition, the occurrence, consequences, and monitoring of NEB and to describe the interrelationships with metabolic and reproductive disorders. In the practical part, the analysis of the dairy cows (n = 177) of Holstein cattle was carried out from 1 January to 30 June 2022. The reproductive technician evaluated reproductive disorders based on the veterinary examination and sonographic examination with a linear rectal probe. Of all monitored dairy cows, retained placenta was detected in 10,73 %, uterine inflammation in 31,07 %, follicular cysts in 16,38 %, and luteal cysts in 5,65 %. The prevalence of NEB was determined using individual milk samples collected as part of performance monitoring. Samples taken on days 5 – 30 after calving and days 31 – 60 after calving were used for the analysis. A statistically significant (p < 0,05) positive correlation was found for the observed milk components (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyrate, fat/protein ratio), and a statistically significant (p < 0,01) higher concentration in the first sample after calving compared to the second sample. For selected components, threshold values indicating risk of excessive NEB and ketosis were determined: acetone concentration ≥ 0,12 mmol/l, beta-hydroxybutyrate ≥ 0,10 mmol/l, and fat/protein ratio ≥ 1,3. When evaluating the first samples after calving, the values were exceeded on average in 48,77 % of the dairy cows and 31,64 % of the dairy cows in the case of the second samples. The fat/protein ratio was used to evaluate the relationship between NEB and reproductive disorders. The threshold value (≥ 1,3) indicating the risk of NEB was exceeded in 90 dairy cows, which, compared to healthy individuals, showed a higher incidence of the retained placenta by 5,28 %, uterine inflammation by 6,85 % and follicular cysts by 5,10 %. The analysis results showed a higher incidence of ovarian cysts connected to higher productivity (p < 0,01). In first-lactation dairy cows there was statistically significantly (p < 0,01) more intense NEB than in second-lactation dairy cows and the highest incidence of uterine inflammation. The results of the work demonstrate the connection between high productivity, NEB and reproductive disorders.
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Hoof disease in dairy cows
NOVOTNÁ, Michaela
The bachelor's thesis is focused on a globally problematic topic, which is hoof disease in dairy cows. The theoretical part discusses the anatomy and physiology of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, as well as the influences that affect the structure and diseases of the hoof. Infectious and non-infectious hoof diseases and prevention are also written in this chapter. In the practical part, the number of sick dairy cows and types of hoof diseases were monitored in the company AGRA Březnice a.s. 804 cows were monitoredover a period of three years, from January 2018 to December 2020. During this observation, it was found that dermatitis and ulcer diseases of the hoofs are the most common in breeding. Hoof disease affects around 50 % of dairy cows in all lactations. In sick cows, milk yield is reduced.
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Analysis of reproductive indicators in dairy cow breeding
KOCOUR, Daniel
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the trends in the development of reproductive indicators in specific dairy farming and to define the possible causes of the identified problems and propose measures to eliminate or resolve them. The literature review deals with the physiology of cow fertility, synchronization of estrus, hormonal or nervous control of the sexual cycle, the effect of internal and external influences on the reproduction of dairy cows, the effect of reproduction on milk yield and the economic connections associated with the reproduction of dairy cows. The analysis was carried out in the herd of Czech spotted cattle ZD Lukavec in the district of Pelhřimov. A total of 120 dairy cows that ended lactation between January 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022 were included in the monitoring. There were 40 dairy cows in the 1st lactation, 40 dairy cows in the 2nd lactation, and 40 dairy cows in the 3rd and 3rd lactations. higher lactation. In order to evaluate the effects on reproductive indicators (interval, insemination index, length of service period and intermediate period), the data set was sorted by age at first calving, parity, calving and insemination season, milk yield at laktation peak, length of the previous calving interval, RBV of sire and inseminated bulls, occurrence of mastitis and other diseases. The best reproductive results were found in dairy cows that calved for the first time between 715 and 790 days of ageThe length of the service period was the shortest among primiparous heifers. However, the order of lactation had no significant effect on the insemination index. Cows calved in the summer months (June 21, 2021 to September 23, 2021) clearly had the worst reproduction indicators. The time of year when the 1st insemination was performed, however, did not significantly affect reproductive indicators. The length of the previous interval significantly influenced only the length of the insemination interval. Cows with the lowest daily milk yield at peak lactation had the shortest service period and intermediate period. But they also had the lowest average lactation rank. The influence of the RPH of the father on the fertility of the daughters was evident only for the length of the previous intermediate period, when the daughters of bulls with the highest RPH (?106) had the shortest intermediate period (386 days). However, reproductive indicators were significantly influenced by the RPH of the inseminated bull for its own fertility.
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Měření vybraných kvalitativních parametrů mléka při dojení skotu
KAŠPAR, Roman
o ensure the quality of milked milk, it is necessary to strictly follow hygienic proce dures both during its acquisition and during treatment and storage. The diploma thesis is focused on monitoring the quality of milk in correlation with the early detection of dairy cow disease using modern technologies. The literature section introduces the general issues of milk quality. The methodology includes a comparison of the accuracy of different methods for detecting milk quality. These methods can be used to identify advanced disease or early onset disease. With early diagnosis, adequate treatment can be started quickly and save money. The highest accuracy is the results from the per formance control (KU), but these laboratory methods are costly and time consuming. The second measurement was performed using optical methods using the portable de vice Ekomilk Horizon. This method is inexpensive, but less accurate than others. The third measurement was using a milking parlor robot. This method is accurate, the pur chase price is high, but the operating cost is no longer so expensive.
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Hodnocení účinnosti systému řízení reprodukce dojnic
DURČANSKÁ, Michaela
This thesis focuses on the evaluation of various reproduction management systems applied in herds of highly-efficient dairy cows. The theoretical part describes the importance of fertility in terms of the profitability of breeding, the evaluation of fertility indicators and reproduction management systems, including managers programs for herd management. The practical part describes the records of reproduction indicators from four herds with different reproduction management and a comparison of the selected indicators for the year 2022.
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Složení krmné dávky a vliv na produkci a reprodukci dojnic
MALECHA, Matyáš
This thesis deals with the issue of proper nutrition of dairy cows and its effect on milk production and reproduction. It includes an introduction to cattle breeding, milk yield, digestion and the main reproductive parameters. High dairy cow production and successful reproduction are positively reflected in the economics of each dairy farm. The ration dynamics will be monitored during the progressive inclusion of roughages in the different phases of nutrition and also on the reproductive indicators in the farm under study.
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